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		<Tag>TXT_KEY_LEADER_SUNNI_ALI</Tag>
		<English>Sunni Ali</English>
		<French>
			<Text>Sunni Ali</Text>
			<Gender>Male</Gender>
			<Plural>0</Plural>
		</French>
		<German>
			<Text>Sunni Ali</Text>
			<Gender>Male</Gender>
			<Plural>0</Plural>
		</German>
		<Italian>
			<Text>Sunni Ali</Text>
			<Gender>Male</Gender>
			<Plural>0</Plural>
		</Italian>
		<Spanish>
			<Text>Sunni Ali</Text>
			<Gender>Male</Gender>
			<Plural>0</Plural>
		</Spanish>
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	<Tag>TXT_KEY_LEADER_SUNNI_ALI_PEDIA</Tag>
		<English>[H1]Sunni Ali[\H1][NEWLINE][BOLD]First Emperor of Songhai[\BOLD][NEWLINE][BOLD]Lived: [\BOLD] ? - 1493[NEWLINE][PARAGRAPH:2][BOLD]Background:[\BOLD][NEWLINE][TAB]The first emperor of Songhai was Sunni Ali, reigning from about 1464 to 1493. Like the Mali kings before him, Ali was a Muslim. In the late 1460s, he conquered many of the Songhai's neighboring states, including what remained of the Mali Empire. Sunni Ali quickly established himself as the empire's most formidable military strategist and conqueror. [PARAGRAPH:1]His empire encompassed more landmass than all of western Europe and, to date, was the largest empire that Africa has ever seen. With his control of critical trade routes and cities such as Timbuktu, Sonni Ali brought great wealth to the Songhai Empire, which at its height would surpass the wealth of Mali.[PARAGRAPH:1]During his campaigns for expansion, Ali conquered many lands, repelling attacks from the Mossi to the south and overcoming the Dogon people to the north. He annexed Timbuktu in 1468, after Islamic leaders of the town requested his assistance in overthrowing marauding Tuares who had taken the city subsequently to the decline of Mali. [PARAGRAPH:1]However, Ali met stark resistance after setting his eyes on the wealthy and renowned trading town of Djenne. After a persistence seven-year siege, he was able to forcefully incorporate it into his vast empire in 1473, but only after having starved them into surrender. [PARAGRAPH:1]Ali imposed Islam on non-Muslims and forced them to abide by Islamic law. Due to his violent sack of Timbuktu, he was described as an intolerant tyrant in many Islamic accounts. [PARAGRAPH:1]In oral tradition, Sonni Ali is often known as a powerful politician and great military commander. Whatever the case may have been, his legend consists of him being a fearless conqueror who united a great empire, sparking a legacy that is still intact today. Under his reign, Djenne and Timbuktu were on their way to becoming great centers of learning.</English>
		<French>[H1]Ayenwatha[\H1][NEWLINE][BOLD]Chief of the Iroquois[\BOLD][NEWLINE][BOLD]Lived: [\BOLD] c.1550 - ?[NEWLINE][PARAGRAPH:2][BOLD]Background:[\BOLD][NEWLINE][TAB]Ayenwatha, more commonly known as Hiawatha, was variously a leader of the Onondaga and Mohawk nations of Native Americans. Hiawatha was a follower of The Great Peacemaker, a prophet and shaman who was credited as the founder of the Iroquois confederacy, (referred to as Haudenosaunee by the people). If The Great Peacemaker was the man of ideas, Hiawatha was the politician who actually put the plan into practice. He was a skilled and charismatic orator, and was instrumental in persuading the Iroquois peoples, the Senecas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Mohawks, a group of Native Americans who shared a common language, to accept The Great Peacemaker's vision and band together to become the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. Later, in 1721, the Tuscarora nation joined the Iroquois confederacy, and they became the Six Nations. [PARAGRAPH:2]A noted reformer, statesman, legislator, and magician, Hiawatha sought to bring about reforms which had for the object the ending of all strife, murder, and war, and the promotion of universal peace and well-being. Of these one was the regulation to abolish the wasting evils of intratribal blood-feud by fixing a more or less arbitrary price, 10 strings of wampum, a cubit in length, as the value of a human life. [PARAGRAPH:2]By birth Hiawatha was probably a Mohawk, but he began the work of reform among the Onondaga, where he encountered bitter opposition from one of their most crafty and remorseless tyrants, Wathatotarho (Atotarho). After three fruitless attempts to unfold his scheme of reform, he left the Onondaga and sought the aid of the Mohawk and other tribes. But, meeting with little success among the former, he continued his mission to the Oneida, who willingly assented to his plans on condition that the Mohawk should do the same. The Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Oneida finally formed a tentative union for the purpose of persuading the Onondaga to adopt the plan of confederation, and the latter accepted it on condition that the Seneca should also be included. A portion of the Seneca finally joined the confederation, whereon the Onondaga, through Wathatotarho, accepted the proposed union. [PARAGRAPH:2]As the Onondaga chieftain was regarded as a great sorcerer, it was inferred that in this matter he had been overcome by superior magic power exercised by Hiawatha, for he had brought Wathatotarho under the dominion of law and convention for the common welfare. Hence in time the character of Hiawatha became enveloped in mystery, and he was reputed to have done things which properly belong to some of the chief gods of the Iroquois. Longfellow has made the name of Hiawatha everywhere familiar, but in the poem of Longfellow, there is not a single fact or fiction relating to the real life of the great Iroquoian reformer and statesman.</French>
		<German>[H1]Ayenwatha[\H1][NEWLINE][BOLD]Chief of the Iroquois[\BOLD][NEWLINE][BOLD]Lived: [\BOLD] c.1550 - ?[NEWLINE][PARAGRAPH:2][BOLD]Background:[\BOLD][NEWLINE][TAB]Ayenwatha, more commonly known as Hiawatha, was variously a leader of the Onondaga and Mohawk nations of Native Americans. Hiawatha was a follower of The Great Peacemaker, a prophet and shaman who was credited as the founder of the Iroquois confederacy, (referred to as Haudenosaunee by the people). If The Great Peacemaker was the man of ideas, Hiawatha was the politician who actually put the plan into practice. He was a skilled and charismatic orator, and was instrumental in persuading the Iroquois peoples, the Senecas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Mohawks, a group of Native Americans who shared a common language, to accept The Great Peacemaker's vision and band together to become the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. Later, in 1721, the Tuscarora nation joined the Iroquois confederacy, and they became the Six Nations. [PARAGRAPH:2]A noted reformer, statesman, legislator, and magician, Hiawatha sought to bring about reforms which had for the object the ending of all strife, murder, and war, and the promotion of universal peace and well-being. Of these one was the regulation to abolish the wasting evils of intratribal blood-feud by fixing a more or less arbitrary price, 10 strings of wampum, a cubit in length, as the value of a human life. [PARAGRAPH:2]By birth Hiawatha was probably a Mohawk, but he began the work of reform among the Onondaga, where he encountered bitter opposition from one of their most crafty and remorseless tyrants, Wathatotarho (Atotarho). After three fruitless attempts to unfold his scheme of reform, he left the Onondaga and sought the aid of the Mohawk and other tribes. But, meeting with little success among the former, he continued his mission to the Oneida, who willingly assented to his plans on condition that the Mohawk should do the same. The Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Oneida finally formed a tentative union for the purpose of persuading the Onondaga to adopt the plan of confederation, and the latter accepted it on condition that the Seneca should also be included. A portion of the Seneca finally joined the confederation, whereon the Onondaga, through Wathatotarho, accepted the proposed union. [PARAGRAPH:2]As the Onondaga chieftain was regarded as a great sorcerer, it was inferred that in this matter he had been overcome by superior magic power exercised by Hiawatha, for he had brought Wathatotarho under the dominion of law and convention for the common welfare. Hence in time the character of Hiawatha became enveloped in mystery, and he was reputed to have done things which properly belong to some of the chief gods of the Iroquois. Longfellow has made the name of Hiawatha everywhere familiar, but in the poem of Longfellow, there is not a single fact or fiction relating to the real life of the great Iroquoian reformer and statesman.</German>
		<Italian>[H1]Ayenwatha[\H1][NEWLINE][BOLD]Chief of the Iroquois[\BOLD][NEWLINE][BOLD]Lived: [\BOLD] c.1550 - ?[NEWLINE][PARAGRAPH:2][BOLD]Background:[\BOLD][NEWLINE][TAB]Ayenwatha, more commonly known as Hiawatha, was variously a leader of the Onondaga and Mohawk nations of Native Americans. Hiawatha was a follower of The Great Peacemaker, a prophet and shaman who was credited as the founder of the Iroquois confederacy, (referred to as Haudenosaunee by the people). If The Great Peacemaker was the man of ideas, Hiawatha was the politician who actually put the plan into practice. He was a skilled and charismatic orator, and was instrumental in persuading the Iroquois peoples, the Senecas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Mohawks, a group of Native Americans who shared a common language, to accept The Great Peacemaker's vision and band together to become the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. Later, in 1721, the Tuscarora nation joined the Iroquois confederacy, and they became the Six Nations. [PARAGRAPH:2]A noted reformer, statesman, legislator, and magician, Hiawatha sought to bring about reforms which had for the object the ending of all strife, murder, and war, and the promotion of universal peace and well-being. Of these one was the regulation to abolish the wasting evils of intratribal blood-feud by fixing a more or less arbitrary price, 10 strings of wampum, a cubit in length, as the value of a human life. [PARAGRAPH:2]By birth Hiawatha was probably a Mohawk, but he began the work of reform among the Onondaga, where he encountered bitter opposition from one of their most crafty and remorseless tyrants, Wathatotarho (Atotarho). After three fruitless attempts to unfold his scheme of reform, he left the Onondaga and sought the aid of the Mohawk and other tribes. But, meeting with little success among the former, he continued his mission to the Oneida, who willingly assented to his plans on condition that the Mohawk should do the same. The Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Oneida finally formed a tentative union for the purpose of persuading the Onondaga to adopt the plan of confederation, and the latter accepted it on condition that the Seneca should also be included. A portion of the Seneca finally joined the confederation, whereon the Onondaga, through Wathatotarho, accepted the proposed union. [PARAGRAPH:2]As the Onondaga chieftain was regarded as a great sorcerer, it was inferred that in this matter he had been overcome by superior magic power exercised by Hiawatha, for he had brought Wathatotarho under the dominion of law and convention for the common welfare. Hence in time the character of Hiawatha became enveloped in mystery, and he was reputed to have done things which properly belong to some of the chief gods of the Iroquois. Longfellow has made the name of Hiawatha everywhere familiar, but in the poem of Longfellow, there is not a single fact or fiction relating to the real life of the great Iroquoian reformer and statesman.</Italian>
		<Spanish>[H1]Ayenwatha[\H1][NEWLINE][BOLD]Chief of the Iroquois[\BOLD][NEWLINE][BOLD]Lived: [\BOLD] c.1550 - ?[NEWLINE][PARAGRAPH:2][BOLD]Background:[\BOLD][NEWLINE][TAB]Ayenwatha, more commonly known as Hiawatha, was variously a leader of the Onondaga and Mohawk nations of Native Americans. Hiawatha was a follower of The Great Peacemaker, a prophet and shaman who was credited as the founder of the Iroquois confederacy, (referred to as Haudenosaunee by the people). If The Great Peacemaker was the man of ideas, Hiawatha was the politician who actually put the plan into practice. He was a skilled and charismatic orator, and was instrumental in persuading the Iroquois peoples, the Senecas, Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Mohawks, a group of Native Americans who shared a common language, to accept The Great Peacemaker's vision and band together to become the Five Nations of the Iroquois confederacy. Later, in 1721, the Tuscarora nation joined the Iroquois confederacy, and they became the Six Nations. [PARAGRAPH:2]A noted reformer, statesman, legislator, and magician, Hiawatha sought to bring about reforms which had for the object the ending of all strife, murder, and war, and the promotion of universal peace and well-being. Of these one was the regulation to abolish the wasting evils of intratribal blood-feud by fixing a more or less arbitrary price, 10 strings of wampum, a cubit in length, as the value of a human life. [PARAGRAPH:2]By birth Hiawatha was probably a Mohawk, but he began the work of reform among the Onondaga, where he encountered bitter opposition from one of their most crafty and remorseless tyrants, Wathatotarho (Atotarho). After three fruitless attempts to unfold his scheme of reform, he left the Onondaga and sought the aid of the Mohawk and other tribes. But, meeting with little success among the former, he continued his mission to the Oneida, who willingly assented to his plans on condition that the Mohawk should do the same. The Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Oneida finally formed a tentative union for the purpose of persuading the Onondaga to adopt the plan of confederation, and the latter accepted it on condition that the Seneca should also be included. A portion of the Seneca finally joined the confederation, whereon the Onondaga, through Wathatotarho, accepted the proposed union. [PARAGRAPH:2]As the Onondaga chieftain was regarded as a great sorcerer, it was inferred that in this matter he had been overcome by superior magic power exercised by Hiawatha, for he had brought Wathatotarho under the dominion of law and convention for the common welfare. Hence in time the character of Hiawatha became enveloped in mystery, and he was reputed to have done things which properly belong to some of the chief gods of the Iroquois. Longfellow has made the name of Hiawatha everywhere familiar, but in the poem of Longfellow, there is not a single fact or fiction relating to the real life of the great Iroquoian reformer and statesman.</Spanish>
	</TEXT>